2003. 1981/2001. They are used in all branches of philosophy, including ethics, metaphysics and epistemology. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? 2010. Chuang Tzu. Virg, Curie. Now you had these gigantic gourds. This is the dialectical nature of the universe we discussed in the previous analysis, a nature that runs to the bottom of existence itself. Eno, Robert, trans. Foot, P., 1967, The problem of abortion and the Doctrine of Double Effect, Oxford Review, V. Hochsmann, H., Guorong, Y., 2007, Zhuangzi, Boston, Pearson Education. Zhongguancun 59, Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, China, Hoger Instituut voor Wijsbegeerte, KU Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierplein 2, 3000, Leuven, Belgium, You can also search for this author in Emotions and Genuineness in Chinese Native Thinking: A Response to Graham and Hansen ():. Journal of Beijing Youth Politics College 14.1: 4852. 2016. 13 Roy Sorensen 1992 has a discussion of several criticisms on the use of thought experiments, stories, and intuition pumps, as Daniel Dennett calls them. If he turns my right arm into a bow, Ill shoot down a dove for roasting. His language did not hit his target the intent to make sense of things. This suggests that Zhuangzi saw Hui Shi as caught in a paradox. Price excludes VAT (USA) Jena: Diederichs. New York: Bantam Books. Dschuang-Dsi. Zhuangzi on Qing: Lack of Qing, Giving Free Reign to Qing, and Setting Qing at Rest :. Philosophical Researches 4: 5059. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. Emotions and Genuineness in Chinese Native Thinking: A Response to Graham and Hansen ():. Journal of Beijing Youth Politics College 14.1: 4852. But Mary has never actually seen anything colored because she lives in a black and white world. Instead, you worried that it was too wide to scoop into anything, which I guess means the mind of our greatly esteemed master here is still clogged up, occupied with its bushes and branches! (Zhuangzi 7-8). The Writings of Kwang-Tze. I used them as water containers, but they were so heavy that I couldn't lift them. Zhuangzi: The Inner Chapters. 1957. My chin is hidden in my navel. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/estetica/5889; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/estetica.5889, Creative Commons - Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 4.0 Internazionale - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, Vedi la notizia bibliografica nel catalogo OpenEdition, Mappa del sito Contatti Crediti RSS Feed, Norme sulla privacy Cookie Policy Segnala un problema, Noi aderiamo a OpenEdition Edito con Lodel Accesso riservato, Sarai reindirizzato su OpenEdition Search, Briding traditions. Leiden: Brill. Even though the lessons are in story form, that doesnt mean that they are easy to decipher. ______. In this paper I will present a few well-known thought experiments from contemporary Western philosophers and highlight some characteristic traits of such thought experiments. My back is hunched out. Roth, Harold D. 1991. esperienza, percezione, cognizione, documentalit: l'ontologia degli oggetti sociali, Artworld & Artwork. The yak and the weasel. What follows is that the expression wuqing should not be identified as a doctrine of nonemotion. Instead, wuqing implies that Zhuangzi advises us to lead a life of tranquility, calmness, and stillness. Indianapolis: Hackett. Such thought experiments, if they exist, are probably not considered good (Western) thought experiments. Lynn, Richard John. ______, trans. This kind of tree will resist wind and disease better than the more uniform trees of the plantation forest. Jackson, F., 1986, What Mary didnt know, Journal of Philosophy, 83: 291-295. Paris: Les belles lettres. Wilhelm, Richard, trans. Chinn, E., 1997, Zhuangzi and relativistic skepticism, Asian Philosophy, 7, 3: 207-220. But one gained territory while the others never escaped bleaching silk because what they used it for was different. Were There Inner Chapters in the Warring States? Emotionless in Confucianism and Daoism: A New Interpretation. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 38.1: 118133. My organs are all out of order. Chai, David. Oxford: Oxford University Press. %PDF-1.5 Because my conclusion follows logically, my premises must also be correct; therefore, evidence which contradicts my premises must be false; therefore my premises must be true; and therefore my conclusion also must be correct.. One who has achieved the intellectual flexibility to recognize that a gourd (although normally used as a ladle) can (if big enough) also serve as a boat has also achieved the flexibility to see the value in things at which the many laugh.22. All Is Well in the Great Mess. The Zhuangzi () is named after Zhung Zhu (), who flourished in the later half of the fourth century bce. The specific type of fiction that Western philosophers use is often called a thought experiment. volume20,pages 133148 (2021)Cite this article. Les vres de Matre Tchouang. Daoism: Laozi and Zhuangzi. In World Philosophy, edited by Jay L. Garfield and William Edelglass. London: Bernard Quaeitch. Albany: State University of New York Press. These are two requisites together, and one being so does not make the other. Si, L , trans. He is sabotaging the very tools he might have used to explore his unconscious self and discover something useful. The video below (Flight from the Shadow) is an example of the type of teaching he engaged in. 2011. Introduction: Emotions and the Conceptual History of Qing . In Love and Emotions in Traditional Chinese Literature, edited by Halvor Eifring. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. Zhuang Zi and the Education of the Emotions. Comparative Philosophy 9.1: 3246. The debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi has profound epistemological significance, however, the main body of their debate comprises logical inferences and 2019. Zhuangzi, aka Chang Tzu, aka Zhuang Zhao, was a Chinese Taoist master, c. 300 AD. While Laozi and Zhuangzi cause us to break out of the mundane meanings, categories and concepts that clutter and carve up our mindscape, they point to an even 1913/1983. Jackson has actually since changed his position on the thesis of physicalism and he no longer thinks its false. Zhuangzi. Hansen, Chad. 2015. Sometimes he offers a direct commentary on a certain character or view; other times he doesnt. Huizi described the tree as gnarled, similar to Sartres description. (Melchert 86). The question of what exactly Zhuangzis positive project might be is beyond the scope of this paper, but the point remains that the idea that we are even wondering about who Zhuangzi is as a philosopher, or how he would want us to analyze him in light of his stories, is something that we dont typically see when we turn to Western philosophers advancing certain thought experiments. Yet he commits this very sin, and all because he feels he reached a valid conclusion. Each moment, the opportunity to switch between Huizi and Zhuangzi presents itself. Rather, we are freed when we can leave this (human) self and life behind. People want to make sense of him and offer a charitable interpretation where the various threads in his writing can be woven together so we can attribute a consistent view to Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi: The Inner Chapters. What, if anything, are you morally required to do? PubMedGoogle Scholar. Reding, Jean-Paul. Daoism: Laozi and Zhuangzi. In World Philosophy, edited by Jay L. Garfield and William Edelglass. Avanguardia, cinema, immagini, social objects from intentionality to documentality, numero speciale, supplemento al n. 55| 2014, aesthetic experience in the evolutionary perspective, wineworld. 1995. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in This is what Jonathan Dancy suggests9. And my neck bones point to Heaven. But though his yin and yang qi were fouled, in his mind there was nothing the matter. What follows is that the expression wuqing should not be identified as a doctrine of nonemotion. Instead, wuqing implies that Zhuangzi advises us to lead a life of tranquility, calmness, and stillness. The Asian master of wit and storytelling is the Daoist, Zhuangzi (sometimes spelled Chuang-Tzu). 1993. If thats so, then its not helpful in informing us about what to do in the real-world case, and now we have two problem cases instead of one.12 He also implies that the difficult features of the actual case that were selectively removed might in fact be relevant in terms of what we ought to do in the actual case. Changsha: Hunan Renmin Chubanshe. They were great friends who enjoyed debating and discussing many matters. Lin Ma. Beyond the Troubled Water of Shifei: From Disputation to Walking-Two-Roads in the Zhuangzi. Chai, David. Must? Some scholars have suggested that Huizis argument is self-contradictory; however, in fact, based on such evaluations of Huizis argument, we can conclude that Zhuangzis logic is also self-contradictory. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. 2003. Dao 2011. ______. Zhuangzi and the Happy Fish Dialogue. I know it by standing here on the bridge of the River Hao.. The unrealistic nature of a thought experiment is one thing that can differentiate it from other counterfactual reasoning. Huizi and Zhuangzi about gourds; the story of Cook Ding (sometimes called Butcher Ding); and the story of Wheelwright Pian. His epigrams and parables praised those who achieved mastery through constant practice of a skill, following their own inclinations, He scorned complicated explanations and theories. Legge, James, trans. Being in the forest industry, I know that a crooked tree is not suitable for making standard commodity lumber products, but it can make high quality decorative products which feature its natural beauty and individuality. but if its not clear what we are supposed to remember, then whats the point? He does this because he knows his logic to be validthat is to say, he knows that his premises and conclusions follow. Cao, Chuji , trans. 2003. You are able to divert the trolley to the other track (you cant stop the trolley or have it go in between the tracks; at least one person is going to die in this scenario). Dordrecht: Springer. 19To be fair, I should note that Zhuangzi doesnt always leave the reader in the dark as to what a story is about or what he himself thinks of the characters involved. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 2005. Nature, Myth, Realism, The science of futures. 2015. The Writings of Kwang-Tze. Huizi said to Zhuangzi, The King of Wei gave me the seed of a great gourd. Taipei : Shijie Shuju ; http://www.terebess.hu/english/chuang.html (last accessed on October 12, 2020). In the latter case, the focus is on the idea or question raised, which, Ive suggested, is made patently obvious in a good thought experiment. And insofar as part of what makes something good philosophy is that it sparks wonder and further questioning, Zhuangzis stories might even do better than self-standing thought experiments. Lenehan, Katia. Chuang-Tzu: The Inner Chapters. It is vital to note that Huizis acknowledgment that Zhuangzi is not a fish demonstrates some truism in the problem brought about by SR. Please read this book to learn how to take advantage of the abundant language resources and opportunities for communication that surround you. Zhuangzi on Qing: Lack of Qing, Giving Free Reign to Qing, and Setting Qing at Rest :. Philosophical Researches 4: 5059. Dancy, J., 1985, The role of imaginary cases in ethics, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 66: 141-153. However, what he does not realize is that he cannot assume that his premises are right, that each point is itself necessarily true. ______. 2003. Napoli: Universit degli Studie di Napoli LOrientale.. WebZhuangzi, or Chuang-tzu, (born c. 369, Meng, Chinadied 286 bce), Most significant early Chinese interpreter of Daoism and the purported author of the Daoist classic that bears Dordrecht: Springer. The Happiness of Fish A Taoist Tale, Huizi said, Youre not a fish how do you know what fish enjoy?, Zhuangzi said, Youre not me, so how do you know I dont know what fish enjoy?, Huizi said, Im not you, so I certainly dont know what you know. Taipei : Shijie Shuju ; http://www.terebess.hu/english/chuang.html (last accessed on October 12, 2020). Roy Sorensen 1992 has a discussion of several criticisms on the use of thought experiments, stories, and intuition pumps, as Daniel Dennett calls them. It amounts to life-affirmation or to life-denialto acceptance or to rejection. New York: Columbia University Press. One reason WebHuizi and Zhuangzi. Cheng, Anne. I have never learned as quickly or as enjoyably as I do now on LingQ. Guo, Xiang , and Cheng Xuanying , annot. That is to say, we each contain this same oppositional force within and among us. Zhuangzi then states to him Youcertainly are dense when it comes to using big things! London: Bernard Quaeitch. new essays on wine, taste, philosophy and aesthetics, arte, psicologia e realismo. Jackson uses this thought experiment to argue that because Mary gains some knowledge the first time she sees red, she didnt know everything to know about color through knowing all the physical facts about color and so, he says, the thesis of physicalism (i.e., the idea that everything is physical) is false.8. ______. For one, the hypothetical thought experiment involves a situation or type of person that is often simplified and underdescribed, meaning we might not know in the imagined case what the right thing to do is. We use cookies to improve your website experience. Sometimes the human beings are normal human beings, but they are involved in highly unusual situations. A New Commentary on the Zhuangzi [in modern Chinese] . 1994. Great gourd , stink tree ), By doing nothing one can accomplish everything. WebAnother storyHuizi and Zhuangzi about gourds starts when the king of Weis large gourdgives Huizi gourd seeds. Emotion in Pre-Qin Ruist Moral Theory: An Explanation of Dao Begins in Qing. Philosophy East and West 53.2: 271281. Although these differences arguably make Zhuangzis anecdotes poor thought experiments, according to Western analytic standards, it seems that if the purpose of a fabricated story is to encourage the reader to broaden her philosophical outlook, to see something more clearly that she might not have seen in a more realistic case, or to provide a more memorable way to retain a point, then Zhuangzis stories are highly effective pedagogical tools. Saggi in onore di Diego Marconi, Portale di risorse digitali in scienze umane e sociali, Differences between thought experiments and stories in Zhuangzi, Catalogo dei 610 riviste. In Les pres du systme Taoste. The maker of things is really knotting me up.Master Sacrifice said, Do you dislike it?He said, Not at all. 5Thought experiments have long been used in philosophy as a way to raise questions or pursue knowledge through considering hypothetical situations. 2010. 1889. Contemporary Annotations and Translations of the Zhuangzi . Albany: SUNY Press. Chong, Kim-chong. Thats what fish Beijing : Zhonghua Shuju . 1968. WebHuizi, speaking to Zhuangzi, said: The King of Wei gave me some seeds for a giant gourd. Eifring, Halvor. 25Because with Zhuangzi its not always clear what is being asked, or what position he is advocating, readers start to wonder about the man behind the stories, entertaining questions such as: What kind of philosopher is Zhuangzi? Watson, Burton, trans. Albany: State University of New York Press. Zhuangzi said, The minnows swim about so freely, following the openings wherever they take them. This word is also used in the title of the first chapter of the Zhuangzi: Free and Easy Wandering (xiao yao you ). The Philosophy of Life: A New Reading of the Zhuangzi. A New Examination of Evidence about the Zhuangzi. Toung Pao 96.4/5: 299369. 2011. Beijing : Zhonghua Shuju . Despeux, Catherine. Zhuangzi helps us to reckon with the fact that we necessarily come to the world with a certain perspective there is no view from nowhere but we are invited through Zhuangzis stories to get out of that perspective and see that of others. Think of the crooked tree. 1957. Ren, Songyao. School of Philosophy, Renmin University of China (Zhe-xue-yuan), Av. You tell me, what is the problem with the following syllogism? Zhuangzis Doctrine of No-Emotion (pre-production draft). Our text offers three additional examples: Nie Ques conversation with Wang Ni; Huizi and Zhuangzi about gourds; the story of Cook Ding (sometimes called Butcher Ding); and the story of Wheelwright Pian. Guiyang : Guizhou Renmin Chubanshe . Ray Sorensen writes that analytic philosophers make heavy use of thought experiment because it is the natural test for the clarificatory practices constituting conceptual analysis: definition, question delegation, drawing distinctions, crafting adequacy conditions, teasing out entailments, advancing possibility proofs, mapping inference patterns (1992: 15). Well end by analyzing a parablea conversation between logician Huizi and a fictionalize version of Zhuangzi himself: Huizi said to Zhuangzi, The King of Wei gave me the seed of a great gourd. 2014. Fraser, Chris. Psychology and Self-Cultivation in Early Taoistic Thought. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 51.2: 599650. Perhaps Zhuangzi would affirm Master Chariot for being so free. 2003. The Tradition of Emotive Writing in the Zhuangzi and Its Echoes in Later Generations. Frontiers of Philosophy in China 10.3: 340352. Emotions That Do Not Move: Zhuangzi and Stoics on Self-Emerging Feelings. Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy 14.4: 521544. Change). One reason Thats what it means to construct for oneself a fictional intellectual opponent with which to spar. Zhuangzi is a master storyteller and he uses that talent to teach important moral and philosophical lessons. 1928/1989. Giles, Herbert A., trans. This is what the ancients call loosing the bonds. He Furthermore, in giving voice to such an odd character, Zhuangzi could be challenging those of us who have a problem with unusual transformations happening to us to have a looser grip on our expectations in life. 1891. I planted it, and when it matured it weighed over a hundred pounds. Klein, Esther. Les vres de Matre Tchouang. Liu, Xiaogan. . Huizi and Zhuangzi about gourds; the story of Cook Ding (sometimes called Butcher Ding); and the story of Wheelwright Pian. And often, they do. Zhuangzi is a master storyteller and he uses that talent to teach important moral Jena: Diederichs. Paris: ditions de lencyclopdie des nuisances. 20Zhuangzi here seems to be criticizing Huizi for not being creative enough, for being limited in his understanding of the varying uses something can have. Zhuangzi. Les fondements philosophiques de la rhtorique chez les sophistes grecs et chez les sophiste chinois. And between one individual and another, and another, each will be in some ways Huizi, and in other ways Zhuang Zhou. One thing that does seem clear is that Zhuangzi advances the view that anything one asserts is necessarily from a certain perspective. vres De Tchoang-Tzeu. but we dont typically look at what other things the philosopher has said or what we know about the person in order to figure out how to interpret a thought experiment. Changsha : Hunan Renmin Chubanshe . 2018. 3 0 obj Tang, Yijie. Theory of Non-Emotion in the Zhuangzi and Its Connection to Wei-Jin Poetry. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 40.2: 340354. 22The above stories show that sometimes Zhuangzi is forthright on what he thinks about a certain creature, human or otherwise. Fraser, Chris. Qu Yuan was a versatile government official at that time, and he was highly In this sense, though the stories are often fantastic, the book is meant to offer a realistic lesson in the uselessness of trying to figure out life.18 So that might be the message stop trying so hard to understand, to look for a (main) point, to have things to make sense. 1985. Hansen, Chad. Contrast the greater man with the lesser. For example, in Chapter 1 of the Zhuangzi there is the story of a fish named Minnow turning into a bird named Breeze and being laughed at by the cicada and student-dove.19 Here Zhuangzi suggests that it is only because the little bugs have such a small perspective that they cant understand bigger things, so while its understandable that they laugh, its due to a short-sightedness on their part. She knows an enormous amount of information about color, much more than you or I do, but is there anything she doesnt know about color if she has only read all about it? Such is the happiness of fish. Huizi said, You are not a fish, so whence do you know the happiness of fish? In Dao Companion to the Philosophy of the Zhuangzi, edited by Kim-chong Chong and Kai-Yuan Cheng. Even if we are confident about what to do in an imaginary case, the criticism has been raised that thought experiments dont actually reflect a truth about reality; rather, they just reflect our beliefs about reality13. Insofar as these are aims in philosophy, Zhuangzi might do better in prompting these in his reader than one who puts forth a self-standing thought experiment advancing a particular thesis. Feng, Youlan, trans. ______. Lin, Yutang , trans. Hui Shis questions reflect a narrow empiricist epistemic approach while Zhuangzis replies intimate that Hui Shis notion of how one knows is too restrictive (even Albany: State University of New York Press. If you dont loose yourself, things will bind you. The Status of Qing in Philosophical Texts of Ancient China. In Expressions of States of Mind in Asia, edited by Paolo Santangelo. 18In this vein perhaps we could draw an analogy between Zhuangzis work and some works in modern art where its not always clear to the observer what the artist was going for. It is to Zhuangzi that we now turn. 11As mentioned before, Dancy explains that sometimes we come up with an imaginary case because its relevantly similar to an actual case, but the imaginary case is easier for us to think through. Zhuang Zi . 2002-2022 The Linguist Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 2004. Uselessness. In both, finding the message of the work or the intention of its creator is not necessarily the purpose of the piece as much as is engaging with it and walking away with something even if that something is not an understanding of the actual work but rather a broadening of the mind, an interesting question, or a pleasurable experience.